CHAPTER 10 : EXTENDING THE ORGANIZATION - SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM)

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
 - The management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize
    total supply chain effectiveness and profitability.

BASIC OF SUPPLY CHAIN
The supply chain has three main links :

1. Materials flow from suppliers and their "upstream" suppliers at all levels.
2. Transformation of materials into semifinished and finished products through the organization's own production process.
3. Distribution of products to customers and their "downstream" customers at all levels.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY'S ROLE IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN

Factors Driving SCM 

• Visibility
• Consumer Behavior
• Competition
• Speed

VISIBILITY

• Visibility - more visible models of different ways to do things in the supply chain have emerged. High visibility in the supply chain is changing industries, as Wal-Mart demonstrated.
• Supply chain visibility - the ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain.
• Bullwhip effect - occurs when distorted product demand information passes from one entity to the next throughout the supply chain.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

• Companies can respond faster and more effectively to consumer demands through supply chain enhances.
• Once an organization understands customer demand and its effect on the supply chain it can begin to estimate the impact that its supply chain will have on its customers and ultimately the organizations performance.
• Demand planning software - generates demand forecasts using statistical tools and forecasting techniques.

COMPETITION

• Supply chain planning (SCP) software - uses advanced mathematical algorithms to improve the flow and efficiency of the supply chain.
• Supply chain execution (SCE) software -  automates the different steps and stages of the supply chain.
• SCP and SCE both increase a company's ability to compete.
• SCP depends entirely on information for its accuracy.
• SCE can be as simple as electronically routing orders from a manufacturer to a supplier.

SPEED

• Three factors fostering speed

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUCCESS FACTORS

• SCM industry best practices include :

1. Make the sale to suppliers.
2. Wean employees off traditional business practices.
3. Ensure the SCM system supports the organizational goals.
4. Deploy in incremental phases and measure and communicate success.
5. Be future oriented.

SCM SUCCESS STORIES

• Top reasons why more and more executives are turning to SCM to manage their extended enterprises.

• Numerous decision support systems (DSSs) are being built to assist decision makers in the design and operation of integrated supply chains.
• DSSs allow managers to examine performance and relationships over the supply chain and among :

1. Suppliers
2. Manufacturers
3. Distributors
4. Other factors that optimize supply chain performance